چشم‌انداز مدیریت صنعتی

چشم‌انداز مدیریت صنعتی

مدیریت موجودی و قیمت‌گذاری اقلام در حال رشد در زنجیره تأمین دو سطحی با استراتژی پیش‌پرداخت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
3 استاد، گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
10.48308/jimp.16.2.62
چکیده
مقدمه و اهداف. مدیریت موجودی و قیمت‌گذاری از جمله مباحث حیاتی در بهینه‌سازی عملکرد در برنامه ریزی کنترل موجودی و زنجیره‌ تأمین به شمار می‌روند و تأثیر مستقیم بر سودآوری و بهره‌وری سازمان‌ها دارند. در این مقاله، مدل مدیریت موجودی و قیمت‌گذاری برای اقلام در حال رشد در یک زنجیره تأمین دو سطحی شامل تأمین‌کننده و توزیع‌کننده ارائه می‌شود. این مدل با فرض اینکه تقاضای توزیع‌کننده تابعی خطی و غیر افزایشی از قیمت فروش محصول باشد، طراحی شده است. هدف اصلی تحقیق، ارائه یک رویکرد بهینه برای مدیریت موجودی و قیمت‌گذاری به‌منظور حداکثر کردن سود و ایجاد هماهنگی مؤثرتر در زنجیره تأمین است. به‌علاوه، این مقاله استراتژی پیش‌پرداخت را به‌عنوان روشی مؤثر برای بهبود هماهنگی و عملکرد زنجیره تأمین معرفی می‌کند.
روش‌ها. مدل مورد نظر در این تحقیق، در دو حالت مختلف غیر یکپارچه و یکپارچه مورد بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می گیرد. در حالت غیر یکپارچه، تأمین‌کننده و توزیع‌کننده به‌طور مستقل از یکدیگر تصمیم‌گیری می‌کنند، در حالی که در حالت یکپارچه، تصمیمات به‌طور مشترک اتخاذ می‌شود. مدل ریاضی پایه‌ای که در این تحقیق توسعه یافته است، به‌منظور حداکثر کردن سود کل زنجیره تأمین طراحی شده است. در این مدل، تأمین‌کننده ابتدا حیوانات تازه متولد شده را خریداری کرده و آنها را در یک دوره زمانی معین پرورش می‌دهد تا در پایان دوره رشد، این حیوانات را به فروش برساند. در این مدل، مفاهیم بهینه‌سازی ریاضی برای حل مسئله و یافتن جواب بهینه به‌کار گرفته شده است. در ادامه، برای بررسی کارایی مدل‌ها و تحلیل حساسیت پارامترهای مختلف، یک مثال عددی در نظر گرفته شده است.
یافته‌ها. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهند که تغییرات در برخی از پارامترها تأثیر چندانی بر طول دوره پرورش تأمین‌کننده ندارد. به‌طور خاص، طول دوره پرورش بیشتر به فرآیندهای تولید و پرورش وابسته است تا به قیمت‌گذاری و دیگر پارامترهای اقتصادی. از طرفی دیگر، تغییرات در هزینه خرید واحد در هر سطح از زنجیره تأمین تأثیر معناداری بر سود نهایی دارند. این تغییرات می‌توانند با تغییر در استراتژی‌های قیمت‌گذاری و خرید تأمین‌کننده، موجب افزایش یا کاهش قابل توجهی در سود نهایی شوند. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که مدیریت هزینه‌ها و بهینه‌سازی قیمت‌گذاری از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است و می‌تواند تأثیر زیادی بر عملکرد زنجیره تأمین داشته باشد. در بررسی نتایج، همچنین مشاهده می‌شود که مدل‌های یکپارچه نسبت به مدل‌های غیر یکپارچه عملکرد بهتری از خود نشان می‌دهند. این به‌ویژه در مواردی که استراتژی پیش‌پرداخت برای هماهنگی بهتر در زنجیره تأمین مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد، قابل مشاهده است. در مدل‌های یکپارچه، تصمیمات مشترک تأمین‌کننده و توزیع‌کننده باعث بهبود هماهنگی، کاهش هزینه‌ها و در نتیجه افزایش سود نهایی می‌شود.
نتیجه‌گیری. نتیجه‌گیری این تحقیق حاکی از آن است که هماهنگی مناسب در زنجیره تأمین، به‌ویژه از طریق یکپارچگی و استفاده از استراتژی پیش‌پرداخت، می‌تواند تأثیر مثبتی بر بهبود سودآوری و عملکرد کل زنجیره تأمین داشته باشد. همچنین، توجه به هزینه‌های خرید واحد و بهینه‌سازی فرآیندهای قیمت‌گذاری و خرید، برای به دست آوردن سود بیشتر در هر سطح از زنجیره تأمین بسیار ضروری است. این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که مدل‌های یکپارچه به‌عنوان ابزاری مؤثر می‌توانند به بهبود تصمیم‌گیری‌های مدیریت موجودی و قیمت‌گذاری در زنجیره‌های تأمین کمک کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Inventory Management and Pricing of Growing Items in a Two-Level Supply Chain with Prepayment Strategy

نویسندگان English

Heibatolah Sadeghi 1
Seyyed Mahdi Sadat 2
Hiwa Farughi 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction. Inventory management and pricing are critical topics in optimizing performance within inventory control planning and supply chain management, directly impacting the profitability and productivity of organizations. This paper presents an inventory management and pricing model for growing items within a two-level supply chain consisting of a supplier and a distributor. The model is designed under the assumption that the distributor's demand is a linear and non-increasing function of the product's selling price. The primary objective of this research is to propose an optimized approach to inventory management and pricing to maximize profit and enhance coordination within the supply chain. Additionally, the paper introduces the prepayment strategy as an effective method to improve supply chain coordination and performance.
Methods. The proposed model is analyzed in two distinct scenarios: non-integrated and integrated. In the non-integrated scenario, the supplier and the distributor make decisions independently, whereas, in the integrated scenario, decisions are made collaboratively. The mathematical model developed in this study is designed to maximize the total profit of the supply chain. In this model, the supplier purchases newborn animals and raises them over a specified period until they reach maturity, after which they are sold. Mathematical optimization techniques are employed to solve the problem and identify the optimal solution. To evaluate the efficiency of the models and analyze the sensitivity of various parameters, a numerical example is provided.
Results and Discussion. The results of the study indicate that changes in certain parameters have minimal impact on the length of the supplier's rearing period. Specifically, the rearing period is more dependent on production and rearing processes than on pricing and other economic parameters. On the other hand, changes in unit purchasing costs at each level of the supply chain significantly affect the final profit. These changes can lead to a substantial increase or decrease in the final profit through adjustments in pricing and purchasing strategies. These findings highlight the importance of cost management and pricing optimization, which can significantly influence supply chain performance. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that integrated models outperform non-integrated models, particularly when the prepayment strategy is utilized to enhance supply chain coordination. In integrated models, collaborative decision-making between the supplier and the distributor improves coordination, reduces costs, and ultimately increases the final profit.
Conclusions. The conclusion of this research underscores that effective coordination within the supply chain, particularly through integration and the use of prepayment strategies, can positively impact profitability and overall supply chain performance. Additionally, attention to unit purchasing costs and the optimization of pricing and purchasing processes are essential for maximizing profit at each level of the supply chain. This study demonstrates that integrated models serve as effective tools for improving inventory management and pricing decision-making within supply chains. By fostering collaboration and strategic alignment between supply chain partners, organizations can achieve greater efficiency and profitability. The findings also emphasize the need for further research into the application of prepayment strategies and integrated models in diverse supply chain contexts to validate their effectiveness across different industries and operational environments. Overall, this research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on supply chain optimization by providing actionable insights into the interplay between inventory management, pricing strategies, and supply chain coordination.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Inventory management
pricing
pre-payment strategy
mathematical optimization
growing items
sensitivity analysis
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