نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع)، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد، گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده مهندسی صنایع و سیستمها، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده مهندسی کامپیوتر و صنایع، دانشگاه صنعتی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction and Objectives: Given the increasing development of international trade and the necessity of considering environmental concerns, optimal tariff policy for green and non‑green vehicles has become a significant challenge for governments. This paper aims to analyze the strategic interaction among the government, manufacturers, and dealerships in the import supply chain, and examines the impact of customs tariffs on pricing, service levels, and the degree of greenness of vehicles. In other words, it addresses the following questions: What is the effect of the green‑to‑non‑green vehicle tariff ratio on equilibrium prices? How does a green vehicle manufacturer behave in response to changes in customs tariffs? And how can the government adjust tariffs in a way that both fiscal interests and environmental objectives are met?
Methods: This research employs a three‑level model comprising the government as the policymaker, foreign manufacturers of green and non‑green vehicles, and domestic dealerships, taking into consideration demand functions that depend on price, service level, and degree of greenness. Stackelberg game theory is used to model the hierarchical interaction between the government (as the leader) and the other members (as followers). Accordingly, equilibrium values of key variables including prices, service levels, product greenness, demand functions, and profitability have been calculated parametrically. To validate the model, a case study has been conducted, and sensitivity analyses on important parameters have been performed. In this model, analytical methods are employed to examine the balance among the different interests of the stakeholders.
Findings: The findings from the data analysis show that applying different tariff policies on green and non-green vehicles has significant effects on supply chain performance. When the tariff on non-green vehicles is higher than that on green vehicles, the final price of these vehicles is higher, even if their base price is lower. It was also found that the way in which income is divided between the manufacturer and the dealership has a direct impact on their profitability; so that as the manufacturer's share of the dealership's income increases, the manufacturer's profit increases, while the dealership's profit initially increases and then decreases after reaching the optimum point. The analyses showed that increasing the ratio of green to non-green vehicle tariffs has a negative impact on the government's environmental benefits. However, this change has a nonlinear effect on the government's overall profit, first increasing and then decreasing it. The findings suggest that tariff policies can serve as an effective tool to steer the market towards greener products, but they must be designed carefully and with all aspects in mind.
Conclusion: The results show that game theory-based tariff policymaking can simultaneously achieve economic and environmental goals. The findings indicate that setting the optimal ratio of green to non-green vehicle tariffs not only creates a proper balance between the interests of the government, manufacturers, and dealers, but also can act as an effective tool to guide the market towards more sustainable products. For the development of future research, it is suggested that studies be conducted on the generalization of the supply chain structure with the presence of green vehicle dealers, examining the impact of domestic manufacturers on market competition, evaluating types of cooperation agreements between manufacturers and dealers, analyzing factors affecting consumer demand, and comparing tariff policy with other support tools. Such research can lead to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of this market and to designing more effective policies.
کلیدواژهها [English]