شناسایی و تحلیل موانع شکل‏‌گیری همکاری مبتنی بر مشارکت مردم در بحران‌‏های همزمان مبتنی بر نقشه شناختی فازی و مدلسازی چندهدفه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار،گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده کسب و کار و اقتصاد، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، پردیس کیش، دانشگاه تهران، کیش، ایران.

10.48308/jimp.15.2.9

چکیده

هدف: وقوع فجایع همزمان، چه طبیعی و چه انسان‌ساخت، چالش‌های عظیمی برای دولت‌ها ایجاد می‌کند که معمولا به دلیل محدودیت‌های منابع، مشکلات لجستیکی و مقیاس وسیع این حوادث قادر به ارائه امدادرسانی سریع و مؤثر نیستند. در این شرایط، همکاری و مشارکت عمومی نقش اساسی ایفا می‌کند. با این حال، مشارکت مردم در تلاش‌های امدادی با موانع متعددی مواجه است که کارایی و اثربخشی این تلاش‌ها را محدود می‌کند. این مطالعه، هدف خود را شناسایی این موانع و سپس پیشنهاد راهکارها و استراتژی‌های مؤثر برای افزایش مشارکت عمومی در امدادرسانی قرار داده است. با تمرکز بر شناسایی و غلبه بر این موانع، هدف مطالعه، ارائه نقشه‌راهی برای بهبود مشارکت جامعه در مدیریت بحران‌ها است.
روش: این تحقیق به روش‌های چندگانه‌ای برای تحلیل موانع مشارکت عمومی در امدادرسانی می‌پردازد. در ابتدا، موانع شناسایی و دسته‌بندی می‌شوند و برای تحلیل این موانع از روش نقشه شناختی فازی (FCM) استفاده می‌شود که یک نمای تصویری از تعاملات پیچیده میان موانع مختلف ارائه می‌دهد. این روش کمک می‌کند تا ارتباطات بین عوامل مختلف و تأثیرات آن‌ها بر مشارکت عمومی در امدادرسانی به‌طور دقیق‌تر درک شود. پس از شناسایی موانع، برای انتخاب استراتژی‌های مؤثر در ارتقاء مشارکت عمومی، از ترکیب روش خانه گسترش کیفیت (QFD) و مدلسازی چندهدفه استفاده می‌شود. برای حل مدل چندهدفه، از روش محدودیت اپسیلون و نرم‌افزار Gems بهره‌برداری شده است تا استراتژی‌های بهینه برای مقابله با موانع شناسایی‌شده انتخاب شوند.
یافته‌ها: از طریق مرور جامع ادبیات موجود و مصاحبه با خبرگان، 30 مانع اصلی شناسایی و در چهار دسته کلی شامل توانمندی‌ها و ویژگی‌های شخصیتی افراد، عوامل فرآیندی، عوامل فرهنگی و عوامل زیرساختی طبقه‌بندی شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که مهم‌ترین موانع مشارکت عمومی در امدادرسانی به شرح زیر است: آموزش عمومی پایین در خصوص امدادرسانی و آمادگی بحران‌ها، که موجب ناآگاهی عمومی از نحوه واکنش در مواقع بحرانی می‌شود؛ هماهنگی ضعیف بین دولت‌ها، سازمان‌های مردم‌نهاد و استان‌ها به دلیل تفاوت اهداف و ماموریت‌ها، که مانع از تشکیل شبکه‌ای مؤثر برای امدادرسانی می‌شود؛ کمبود اعتماد بین مردم و مسئولان، که منجر به تمایل کمتر مردم به مشارکت در تلاش‌های امدادی و کاهش اثربخشی آن‌ها می‌گردد؛ و زیرساخت‌های ناکافی از جمله مشکلات در ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات، که جریان اطلاعات را در زمان بحران مختل کرده و کارایی عملیات امدادرسانی را کاهش می‌دهد.
نتیجه‌‏گیری: برای افزایش همکاری مبتنی بر مشارکت عمومی در امدادرسانی، این تحقیق پیشنهاد می‌کند که استراتژی‌ها باید بر سه محور اصلی متمرکز شوند: توانمندسازی، زیرساخت‌ها و فرهنگ. استراتژی‌های توانمندسازی مانند توسعه آموزش‌های عمومی در خصوص امدادرسانی و آمادگی بحران‌ها از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردارند تا سطح آگاهی و مشارکت عمومی افزایش یابد. در زمینه زیرساخت‌ها، باید بر تقویت زیرساخت‌های فناوری اطلاعات، بهبود شبکه‌های ارتباطی و تأمین حمایت‌های مالی و دولتی برای تسهیل عملیات امدادی تمرکز شود. از نظر فرهنگی، ترویج شعائر امدادرسانی و پرورش فرهنگ مسئولیت اجتماعی باید در اولویت قرار گیرد و شهرداری‌ها و سازمان‌هایی مانند جمعیت هلال احمر نقش رهبری در این زمینه داشته باشند. با تمرکز بر این سه محور، می‌توان مشارکت عمومی را به‌طور مؤثری افزایش داد و به بهبود توانایی‌های پاسخ‌دهی و تاب‌آوری در برابر بحران‌ها کمک کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification and Analysis of Obstacles to the Formation of Cooperation Based on Public Participation in Simultaneous Crises Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping and Multi-Objective Modeling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Jafarnejad 1
  • Reza Jalali, 2
  • Amir Fardanian 3
1 Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Student, Department of Industrial Management, Kish Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: The occurrence of simultaneous disasters, whether natural or human-made, poses significant challenges for governments, which often cannot provide rapid and effective relief due to resource limitations, logistical problems, and the large scale of these events. In such situations, cooperation and public participation play a fundamental role. However, public engagement in relief efforts faces numerous obstacles that limit the efficiency and effectiveness of these efforts. This study aims to identify these obstacles and then propose effective solutions and strategies to enhance public participation in disaster relief. By focusing on identifying and overcoming these barriers, the goal of the study is to present a roadmap for improving community involvement in crisis management.
 
Method: This research uses multiple methods to analyze the obstacles to public participation in disaster relief. First, the obstacles are identified and categorized, and the fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) method is used to analyze them, which provides a visual representation of the complex interactions among different obstacles. This method helps to more accurately understand the relationships between different factors and their effects on public participation in relief efforts. After identifying the obstacles, to select effective strategies for promoting public participation, a combination of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and multi-objective modeling is used. To solve the multi-objective model, the epsilon constraint method and Gems software are employed to select optimal strategies for addressing the identified barriers.
Findings: Through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews, 30 main obstacles were identified and categorized into four general groups: individual capabilities and personality traits, process-related factors, cultural factors, and infrastructural factors. The findings show that the most significant obstacles to public participation in disaster relief are as follows: Low public education regarding relief and disaster preparedness, which leads to public unawareness of how to react during crises; Poor coordination between governments, NGOs, and provinces due to differing objectives and missions, which prevents the formation of an effective relief network; Lack of trust between the public and authorities, which leads to reduced public willingness to participate in relief efforts and reduces their effectiveness; and Inadequate infrastructure, including problems in communication and information technology, which disrupts the flow of information during crises and reduces the efficiency of relief operations.
Conclusion: To enhance cooperation based on public participation in relief efforts, this study proposes that strategies should focus on three main areas: empowerment, infrastructure, and culture. Empowerment strategies, such as developing public education programs on disaster preparedness and relief, are particularly important for increasing awareness and public engagement. In the area of infrastructure, efforts should focus on strengthening information technology infrastructure, improving communication networks, and providing financial and governmental support to facilitate relief operations. From a cultural perspective, promoting relief values and fostering a culture of social responsibility should be prioritized, with municipalities and organizations such as the Red Crescent Society playing a leadership role in this regard. By focusing on these three areas, public participation can be effectively increased, helping to improve response capabilities and resilience in the face of crises.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Humanitarian aid
  • cooperation based on public participation
  • fuzzy cognitive mapping
  • Quality Function Deployment
  • multi-objective planning

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