ارزیابی کارایی زیست ‌محیطی استان‌های کشور با رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده‌های پنجره‌ای فازی (FWDEA) با حضور خروجی نامطلوب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه میبد، میبد، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه میبد، میبد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: در سه دهه اخیر، با افزایش نگرانی‌ها در مورد پیامدهای جبران‌ناپذیر تخریب محیط‌زیست، چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی به دغدغه‌ای جهانی تبدیل شده‌ است؛ بنابراین، حل معضلات زیست‌محیطی به­طور فزاینده‌ای در دستورکار سیاست­گذاران قرار گرفته است. امروزه، همه کشورها در تلاش‌اند تا با تدوین سیاست‌های کارآمد، به تعادل بین حفاظت از محیط‌زیست و ثبات اجتماعی- اقتصادی دست یابند.
هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی و ارزیابی کارایی زیست‌محیطی استان‌های کشور در دوره‌های زمانی مختلف با در نظر گرفتن عدم قطعیت موجود در داده‌ها است. در دنیای واقعی، داده‌ها همیشه دقیق و قطعی نیستند و انحرافات موجود در آنها می‌تواند نتایج ارزیابی کارایی را به­طور قابل توجهی تغییر دهد. از این­رو، استفاده از روش‌های مناسب برای مقابله با عدم قطعیت داده‌ها در هنگام ارزیابی کارایی ضروری است. در این پژوهش، از مدل تحلیل پوششی داده‌های پنجره‌ای فازی (FWDEA) برای ارزیابی کارایی زیست‌محیطی استان‌های ایران استفاده شده است. این مدل قادر است عدم قطعیت موجود در داده‌ها را به­طور مؤثر در نظر بگیرد و نتایج دقیق‌تر و قابل اعتمادتری ارائه دهد.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: رویکرد مورد استفاده در این پژوهش شامل خروجی نامطلوب نیز می‌شود و برای ساختارهای مختلف در تحلیل پوششی داده‌های فازی قابل استفاده است. با بررسی ادبیات موضوع و نیز مشورت با خبرگان حوزه زیست‌محیطی و تکنیک تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها و همچنین براساس داده­های موجود، متغیرهای ورودی پژوهش شامل سرانه مصرف انرژی و سرانه وسایل نقلیه و متغیر خروجی شامل سرانه گازهای آلاینده تعیین شد. باتوجه به عدم اطمینان از اینکه همه واحدها در مقیاس بهینه ‌عمل می­کنند یا خیر از مدل بازده متغیر نسبت به مقیاس (BCC) استفاده شد. همچنین، از آنجا که امکان کنترل بر خروجی‌ها نسبت به ورودی‌های پژوهش بیشتر است، از مدل تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها با ماهیت خروجی­محور استفاده‌ شد. در نهایت، مدل تحلیل پوششی داده‌های پنجره‌ای فازی پیشنهادی در 29 استان کشور طی چهار دوره زمانی سال‌های 1396 تا 1399 اجرا شد و نتایج آن مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
 یافته‌ها: تحلیل داده‌ها با مدل پیشنهادی نشان داد که در طول 4 سال مورد مطالعه، استان آذربایجان شرقی با کارایی 837407/0 بهترین و استان هرمزگان با کارایی 332543/0 بدترین عملکرد را در زمینه زیست‌محیطی داشته‌اند. بررسی میانگین کارایی سالانه استان‌ها نشان داد که روند صعودی یا نزولی کارایی در هر استان در طول سال‌ها متفاوت بوده و ثبات نداشته است. همچنین، نتایج مدل تحلیل پوششی داده‌های پنجره‌ای فازی نشان داد که کارایی استان‌ها در هر پنجره زمانی متوالی سیر متفاوتی داشته و از یک الگوی ثابت پیروی نمی‌کند.
نتیجه­‌گیری: در این مطالعه با توجه به شرایط ابهام، در دسترس نبودن و نادقیق بودن داده‌ها از رویکرد DEA فازی برای ارزیابی کارایی استفاده‌ شده است. در کل، استفاده از DEA فازی پنجره‌ای در ارزیابی کارایی زیست‌محیطی در استان‌های کشور، به دلیل دقت بالا، توانایی مدل‌سازی داده‌های فازی و شناسایی الگوهای پیچیده، یکی از بهترین روش‌ها است. این رویکرد می‌تواند به سیاستگذاران در شناسایی نقاط قوت و ضعف استان‌ها در زمینه زیست‌محیطی و تدوین سیاست‌های مناسب برای ارتقای کارایی زیست‌محیطی کمک کند. به منظور ارتقای کارایی زیست‌محیطی استان‌ها، لازم است که سیاست‌های زیست‌محیطی به صورت پویا و متناسب با شرایط هر استان تدوین و اجرا شوند. همچنین با توجه به اینکه چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی چالشی جهانی هستند، استفاده از رویکردهای مشابه برای ارزیابی کارایی زیست‌محیطی در سایر کشورها نیز می‌تواند به ارتقای عملکرد زیست‌محیطی در سطح جهانی کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating Environmental Efficiency of Iranian Provinces Using Fuzzy Window Data Envelopment Analysis (FWDEA) with Undesirable Output

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Zarei Mahmoudabadi 1
  • Reza Norouzi Avergani 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Management. Faculty of Humanities, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran.
2 Master’s student, Department of Industrial Management. Faculty of Humanities, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Over the past three decades, environmental challenges have become a global concern due to growing worries about the irreversible consequences of environmental degradation. Consequently, addressing environmental issues has increasingly become a priority for policymakers. Today, all countries are striving to achieve a balance between environmental protection and socioeconomic stability through the development of effective policies.
Objective: This study aims to examine and evaluate the environmental efficiency of Iran's provinces over different time periods, considering the inherent uncertainty in the data. In the real world, data is not always precise and deterministic, and deviations in data can significantly alter the results of efficiency evaluations. Therefore, it is essential to employ suitable methods to address data uncertainty when assessing efficiency. In this research, a Fuzzy Window Data Envelopment Analysis (FWDEA) model is utilized to evaluate the environmental efficiency of Iran's provinces. This model effectively accounts for data uncertainty and provides more accurate and reliable results.
Methodology: The approach used in this study incorporates undesirable outputs and can be applied to various structures in fuzzy data envelopment analysis. Based on a literature review, consultations with experts in the fields of the environment and data envelopment analysis, and available data, the input variables of the study were determined to be per capita energy consumption and per capita vehicles, while the output variable was defined as per capita pollutant emissions. Given the uncertainty about whether all units operate at optimal scale, the BCC model was employed. Furthermore, since it is easier to control outputs compared to inputs, an output-oriented data envelopment analysis model with variable returns to scale was assumed. Finally, the proposed fuzzy window data envelopment analysis model was implemented for 29 provinces of Iran over four time periods from 2017 to 2020, and the results were analyzed.
Findings: Data analysis using the proposed model revealed that East Azerbaijan province had the best environmental performance with an efficiency score of 0.837407, while Hormozgan province had the worst performance with an efficiency score of 0.332543 during the four years of the study. Examining the annual average efficiency of the provinces indicated that the trend of efficiency improvement or decline varied across provinces over the years and was not stable. Additionally, the results of the fuzzy window data envelopment analysis model showed that the efficiency of provinces varied in each consecutive time window and did not follow a fixed pattern.
Conclusion: In this study, a fuzzy DEA approach was employed to evaluate efficiency considering the ambiguous, unavailable, and imprecise nature of the data. Overall, the use of fuzzy window DEA in assessing the environmental efficiency of Iran's provinces is one of the best methods due to its high accuracy, ability to model fuzzy data, and identification of complex patterns. This approach can assist policymakers in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of provinces in terms of environmental efficiency and formulating appropriate policies to improve environmental performance. To enhance the environmental efficiency of provinces, it is necessary to develop dynamic environmental policies tailored to the specific conditions of each province. Moreover, given that environmental challenges are global, the application of similar approaches to evaluate environmental efficiency in other countries can also contribute to improving global environmental performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
  • Window Analysis
  • Fuzzy Logic
  • Environmental Efficiency
  • Undesirable Output

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