تلفیق و توسعه QFD فازی در ارزیابی و انتخاب راهکارهای توسعه سوخت‌های زیستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: در راستای دستیابی به اهداف توسعه پایدار و نیز کاهش وابستگی به سوخت‌های فسیلی، سوخت‌های زیستی به‌عنوان جایگزینی پایدار و طرف‌دار محیط‌زیست مطرح هستند. صنعت سوخت‌های زیستی می‌تواند با تنوع‌بخشی به منابع انرژی، امنیت انرژی را افزایش داده و وابستگی به واردات سوخت‌های فسیلی را کاهش دهد؛ اما ارزیابی و انتخاب بهترین راهکارهای توسعه آن، نیازمند به‌کارگیری روش‌های مناسبی است.
روش‌ها: این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی است و به دلیل اینکه به شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی چالش‌ها، راهبردها و راهکارهای توسعه سوخت‌های زیستی می‌پردازد، می‌توان آن را پژوهش توصیفی ـ پیمایشی محسوب کرد. در این مقاله، از توسعه و تلفیق روش گسترش کارکرد کیفیت، برای ارزیابی و انتخاب راهکارهای توسعه سوخت‌های زیستی استفاده شده است. بر همین مبنا، با مرور چارچوب نظری و بررسی نظرات خبرگان طی روش دلفی فازی، چالش‌ها و راهبردهای توسعه سوخت‌های زیستی و نیز راهکارهای اجرایی آن شناسایی شدند. سپس، با استفاده از یک QFD فازی و دومرحله‌ای، درجه اهمیت استراتژی‌ها در مقابل چالش‌ها و وزن راهکارها در مقابل استراتژی‌ها ارزیابی شد و در مرحله آخر با تلفیق و توسعه  QFDبا روش تاپسیس، به رتبه‌بندی راهکارهای توسعه سوخت‌های زیستی پرداخته شد.
یافته‌ها: با بررسی سیستماتیک چارچوب نظری، مهم‌ترین چالش‌­ها و موانع توسعه پایدار سوخت‌های زیستی شناسایی و در 4 بعد چالش‌های اقتصادی، فنی، زیست‌محیطی،  اجتماعی و سیاسی طبقه‌بندی شدند. 20 چالش­ استخراج شده از چارچوب نظری با استفاده از روش دلفی فازی و تجمیع نظر کارشناسان، غربالگری و به 13 چالش تقلیل داده شد. در مرحله بعد، خبرگان پژوهش، بهترین و بدترین چالش را انتخاب و اهمیت سایر چالش‌­ها را با آنها مقایسه نمودند. پس از تجمیع نظرات و فرموله نمودن معادله ریاضی غیرخطی و حل آن توسط نرم‌­افزار لینگو، وزن چالش­‌ها محاسبه شد. بر مبنای وزن‌های حاصل از اجرای روش بهترین-بدترین (BWM)، "تأمین ناپایدار مواد اولیه و انرژی" و نیز "فقدان نوآوری­‌ها و تکنولوژی­‌های به‌صرفه" به ترتیب مهم‌ترین و کم اهمیت‌ترین چالش‌های شناسایی شده بودند. استراتژی‌­های مقابله با چالش­‌های توسعه سوخت­‌های زیستی در فاز اول روش گسترش کارکرد کیفیت، تعیین وزن گردیدند. بر این اساس و طبق نظر خبرگان پژوهش، راهبردهای"تحقیق و توسعه برنامه‌های بهبود فرایند تولید سوخت‌های زیستی" و "تحقیق و توسعه فناوری‌های جدید و پیشرفته برای تولید سوخت‌های زیستی" به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین استراتژی توسعه سوخت‌های زیستی شناخته شدند. در مرحله پایانی و در فاز دوم QFD، 10 راهکار اجرایی توسعه سوخت‌های زیستی، در مقابل راهبردهای اولویت‌بندی شده، مورد ارزیابی و رتبه‌بندی قرار گرفتند و سه راهکار اصلی دارای اولویت عبارت بودند از: ایجاد و ارتقای استانداردها، حمایت از تولیدکنندگان پایدار و حفاظت از تنوع زیستی.
نتیجه‌گیری: سوخت‌های زیستی نقش مهمی در آینده ایفا می‌کنند، اما در تولید این انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر چالش‌هایی هم وجود دارد. تأمین ناپایدار مواد اولیه و انرژی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های یافت شده در این مطالعه است. راهکارهای اجرایی این مطالعه نیز نقش مؤثری در تولید سوخت‌­های زیستی ایفا می‌­کنند. به‌طور کلی، ارتقای پایداری زیست‌محیطی شامل اقداماتی است که به افزایش استفاده از منابع تجدیدپذیر، کاهش استفاده از منابع غیرقابل‌تجدید، ارتقا استفاده از سوخت‌های زیستی، بهبود کارایی انرژی و مدیریت مؤثر پسماند و پساب‌های صنعتی متمرکز می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Integration and Development of Fuzzy QFD for Evaluation and Selection of Biofuel Development Strategies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Mohseni 1
  • Dariush Mohammadi Zanjirani 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Administrative and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Associated Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Administrative and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: In order to achieve sustainable development goals and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, biofuels are considered a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative. The biofuels industry can increase energy security by diversifying energy sources and reducing reliance on fossil fuel imports. However, evaluating and selecting the best solutions for its development requires the use of appropriate methodologies.
Metods: This research is practical in nature and can be considered descriptive-survey research, as it focuses on identifying and ranking the challenges, strategies, and solutions for the development of biofuels. In this article, the integration and development of the quality function deployment (QFD) method are used to evaluate and select biofuel development strategies. Based on this approach, after reviewing the theoretical framework and collecting expert opinions through the fuzzy Delphi method, the challenges, strategies, and operational solutions for biofuel development were identified. Then, using a two-stage fuzzy QFD, the importance of strategies against challenges and the weight of solutions against strategies were assessed. In the final stage, by integrating and developing QFD with the TOPSIS method, the ranking of biofuel development solutions was conducted.
Result and Discussion: A systematic review of the theoretical framework identified the most important challenges and obstacles to the sustainable development of biofuels, which were categorized into four dimensions: economic, technical, environmental, and socio-political. The 20 challenges extracted from the theoretical framework were screened using the fuzzy Delphi method and reduced to 13 challenges after aggregating expert opinions. In the next step, the experts selected the best and worst challenges and compared the importance of other challenges to them. After aggregating the opinions and formulating the non-linear mathematical model, the challenges' weights were calculated using Lingo software. Based on the results of the Best-Worst Method (BWM), "unstable supply of raw materials and energy" and "lack of cost-effective innovations and technologies" were identified as the most and least important challenges, respectively. In the first phase of the QFD method, the strategies for addressing these challenges were weighted. According to the experts, the strategies of "research and development of programs to improve the biofuel production process" and "research and development of new and advanced technologies for biofuel production" were identified as the most important strategies. In the final phase of QFD, 10 executive solutions for biofuel development were evaluated and ranked against the prioritized strategies. The three top-ranked solutions were: establishing and enhancing standards, supporting sustainable producers, and protecting biodiversity.
Conclusions: Biofuels will play a crucial role in the future, but their production faces certain challenges. The unstable supply of raw materials and energy is one of the most significant challenges identified in this study. The implementation solutions proposed in this study can contribute effectively to biofuel production. In general, promoting environmental sustainability involves actions such as increasing the use of renewable resources, reducing reliance on non-renewable resources, promoting biofuels, improving energy efficiency, and managing waste and industrial effluents effectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Renewable resources
  • Sustainable energy
  • Fossil fuels
  • Biofuels
  • Fuzzy QFD

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