شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر ارتقای انعطاف پذیری تولید در شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط تکنولوژی محور بین‌المللی باتوجه‌به صنعت ۴.۰

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

10.48308/jimp.15.2.74

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: امروزه به‌منظور رقابت و پاسخگویی به انتظارات روزافزون مشتریان، توجه صنایع تولیدی به سیستم‌های ساخت و تولید پیشرفته ضروری است. انعطاف‌پذیری در تولید یکی از این مفاهیم پیشرفته تولید و عملیات است که توسط برخی صنایع برای بهبود عملکرد و کارایی استفاده می‌شود. انقلاب صنعتی چهارم امکان جمع‌آوری و تجزیه‌وتحلیل مستقل داده‌ها و همچنین تعامل بین محصولات، فرایندها، تأمین‌کنندگان و مشتریان را از طریق اینترنت فراهم می‌کند. ترکیب فناوری‌های صنعت 4.0  با سیستم تولید انعطاف‌پذیر می‌تواند به تولیدکنندگان کمک کند تا سرعت، کارایی و هماهنگی را افزایش دهند. باتوجه ‌به اینکه اکثر شرکت های تولیدی کوچک و متوسط هستند، افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری تولید با هزینه مناسب و ارتقای تولید به بالاترین کیفیت که پاسخگوی نیاز مشتریان باشد، در شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط، به ویژه شرکت‌های فناوری محور بین‌المللی که بر تجاری‌سازی فناوری­های جدید تمرکز دارند، بیش از گذشته احساس می‌شود. پژوهش انجام شده با دو هدف شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر انعطاف‌پذیری تولید در شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط بین‌المللی با فناوری پیشرفته بر اساس صنعت 4.0  انجام شده است.
روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر از نظر نوع و روش تحقیق آمیخته (کمی و کیفی) است. در بخش کیفی با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه­ای و مرور پیشینه 6 معیار اصلی و 28 زیرمعیار شناسایی شد. پس از شناسایی معیارها و زیرمعیارها، از پرسشنامه دلفی در دو دور برای شناسایی مهم­ترین عوامل استفاده شد. خبرگان برای شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری تولید در دور اول شامل 14 متخصص و در دور دوم دلفی شامل 11 نفر در زمینه صنعت 4.0  و تولید انعطاف‌پذیر بودند. خبرگان برای رتبه‌بندی معیارها و زیرمعیارها با استفاده از روش سوآرا شامل 21 کارشناس از اساتید دانشگاه و کارشناسان تولید در شرکت‌های بین‌المللی کوچک و متوسط با فناوری پیشرفته انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌ها به روش گلوله­برفی انتخاب شدند. پرسشنامه‌های طراحی شده به صورت الکترونیکی توزیع شد و پاسخ­ها با استفاده از مقیاس لیکرت طراحی شد.
یافته‌­ها: معیارها و زیرمعیارهای شناسایی شده در روش دلفی، جهت رتبه‌بندی در اختیار خبرگان قرار گرفت که باتوجه‌به میانگین وزن اختصاص‌داده‌شده و اهمیت نسبی هر معیار و زیرمعیار، رتبه­ی آنها توسط روش سوآرا شناسایی شد. مهم‌ترین معیارهای شناسایی شده به ترتیب شامل: هوشمندی و یکپارچگی زنجیره تأمین، رباتیک، اینترنت اشیا، داده‌کاوی و رایانش ابری و دوقلوهای دیجیتال می‌باشند. فناوری‌های درحال‌توسعه صنعت 4.0  این پتانسیل را دارند که از طریق معیارها و زیرمعیارهای شناسایی شده در پژوهش، موجب تقویت سیستم‌های تولید انعطاف‌پذیر و بالابردن راندمان تولید صنعتی شوند.
نتیجه‌­گیری: شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری تولید در شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط فناوری محور بین‌المللی و تجزیه­‌وتحلیل داده­ها پس از رتبه‌بندی با استفاده از روش سوآرا، باهدف شناخت و استفاده مناسب از ابزارهای مدیریتی برای مدیران شرکت­های فناوری محور بین­المللی انجام شده است. ارائه‌ی نتایج  پژوهش به مدیران این شرکت‌ها که بر تحقیق و توسعه تمرکز دارد و تأکید اصلی آن، بر بهره­برداری از دانش فنی و افزایش حضور و مشارکت در بازارهای جهانی است کمک می‌کند که تغییرات مهم و اقدامات جدید را در شرکت‌های تولیدی برای حضور در بازارهای جهانی با هزینه و خطای کمتر  انجام دهند و اجرای موفق‌تری را در جهت پیشرفت کسب‌وکار داشته باشند، از این امکانات در محیط‌های رقابتی پویا و فعال استفاده کرده و در افزایش صادرات و بین‌المللی شدن موفقیت بیشتری کسب کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying and Ranking Factors Affecting the Improvement of Manufacturing Flexibility in International High-Tech SMEs Based on Industry 4.0

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Ghorbani Moghadam 1
  • Mostafa Ebrahimpour Azbari 2
  • Mohammad Rahim Ramazanian 3
1 Master's student, Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Nowadays, in order to compete and respond to the growing expectations of customers, attention to advanced manufacturing and production systems is essential. Flexibility in production is one of these advanced production and operations concepts used by some industries to improve performance and efficiency. The Fourth Industrial Revolution enables independent data collection and analysis, as well as interaction between products, processes, suppliers, and customers through the Internet. Combining Industry 4.0 technologies with a flexible manufacturing system can help manufacturers increase speed, efficiency, and coordination. Considering that most manufacturing companies are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), increasing production flexibility at a reasonable cost and upgrading production to the highest quality to meet customer needs is felt more than ever in SMEs, especially international high-tech companies focusing on the commercialization of new technologies. This research was conducted with two objectives: identifying and ranking the most important factors affecting production flexibility in international high-tech SMEs based on Industry 4.0.
Methods: The present research is mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative) in terms of type and methodology. In the qualitative part, six main criteria and twenty-eight sub-criteria were identified through library resources and literature review. After identifying the criteria and sub-criteria, a Delphi questionnaire was used in two rounds to determine the most important factors. In the first round, 14 experts and in the second round, 11 experts in the field of Industry 4.0 and flexible production participated. For ranking the criteria and sub-criteria using the SWARA method, 21 experts—including university professors and production specialists from international high-tech SMEs—were selected. The samples were chosen using the snowball method. The designed questionnaires were distributed electronically, and the responses were collected using a Likert scale.
Results and discussion: The criteria and sub-criteria identified through the Delphi method were provided to experts for ranking. Based on the average weight assigned and the relative importance of each criterion and sub-criterion, their ranking was determined using the SWARA method. The most important identified criteria include: supply chain intelligence and integration, robotics, Internet of Things, data mining and cloud computing, and digital twins. The developing technologies of Industry 4.0 have the potential, through the identified criteria and sub-criteria, to strengthen flexible manufacturing systems and increase industrial production efficiency.
Conclusion:  Identifying the factors affecting increased production flexibility in international high-tech SMEs and analyzing the data after ranking using the SWARA method were conducted with the aim of helping managers of high-tech companies to recognize and apply appropriate management tools. Presenting the results of this research assists managers in making significant changes and implementing new measures in manufacturing companies to enter global markets with lower costs and fewer errors, thereby achieving more successful business development. Utilizing these capabilities in dynamic and competitive environments can also lead to greater success in increasing exports and internationalization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Manufacturing flexibility
  • Fourth Industrial Revolution
  • International high-tech SMEs
  • SWARA technique
  • Delphi method

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