تحلیل عوامل سازمانی مؤثر بر پذیرش فناوری‌های صنعت 4.0 در شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

10.48308/jimp.14.2.85

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: صنعت ۴.0 تغییر و تحول عمده­‌ای را در صنعت و کسب‌وکارها به همراه داشته است. در این تغییر، اتصال دستگاه‌ها، فرآیندها و سیستم‌ها به هم و به اینترنت از طریق شبکه‌های هوشمند و استفاده از فناوری‌های مبتنی بر داده و هوش مصنوعی توانسته است رویکردی گسترده در کسب‌وکارها به­‌وجود آورد. این تحول از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است و در حوزه‌های مختلفی از جمله تولید، خدمات، زنجیره تأمین و بازاریابی تأثیرات زیادی دارد. با توجه به افزایش پایداری و رقابت­‌پذیری آینده بخش تولیدی، فناوری­‌های نوین انقلاب صنعتی چهارم (صنعت ۴.0) در سال‌های اخیر موردتوجه جامعه دانشگاهی و صنعتی قرار گرفته است. بااین‌حال، تولیدکنندگان برای پیاده­‌سازی صنعت ۴.0 با عوامل زیادی روبه­‌رو هستند که شناسایی و تحلیل آن‌ها ضروری است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی عوامل سازمانی مؤثر بر پذیرش صنعت ۴.0 و ارائه یک مدل شناختی فازی است.
روش‌ها: این پژوهش از نظر هدف جزو پژوهش‌­های کاربردی ـ توسعه‌­ای و از نظر نوع پژوهش، ترکیبی (آمیخته اکتشافی) قلمداد می­‌شود. تعداد نمونه آماری در بخش کمّی ۱۲ نفر بود و با روش هدفمند-قضاوتی خبرگانی که دارای حداقل 5 سال سابقه فعالیت در شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط تولیدی در بخش سازمانی (اداری) بودند، انتخاب شده و از آن­ها نظرخواهی شد. در مرحله نخست، برای شناسایی عوامل تعیین‌کننده سازمانی بر صنعت ۴.0 از روش فراترکیب استفاده شد و سپس با استفاده از روش نقشه شناختی فازی و به‌کارگیری نرم‌افزار­های Fcmappear و Mental Modeler روابط این عوامل تعیین شد.
 یافته‌ها: یافته­‌های حاصل از روش فراترکیب نشان‌­دهنده 36 کُد اولیه و 11 عامل تعیین‌کننده بر پذیرش فناوری‌­های صنعت 4.0 در شرکت­‌های کوچک و متوسط تولیدی فعال در شهرک صنعتی یزد است که شامل ظرفیت جذب، دارایی‌های تجاری، صلاحیت فنی دیجیتالی­‌شدن، دانش و تخصص دیجیتالی­‌سازی، مشارکت در فرآیند اجرا، شایستگی مدیریت استراتژیک صنعت 4.0، فرهنگ سازمانی، ساختار سازمانی، در­دسترس‌­بودن منابع، سرمایه اجتماعی و ویژگی‌های مدیریت عالی است که از میان این عوامل، مشارکت در فرآیند اجرا، ظرفیت جذب و سرمایه اجتماعی بالاترین ظرفیت تأثیرپذیری، ویژگی‌های مدیریت عالی و دانش و تخصص دیجیتالی­‌سازی، صلاحیت فنی دیجیتال­‌سازی و شایستگی مدیریت استراتژیک بیشترین ظرفیت تأثیرگذاری را داشتند و درنهایت عوامل صلاحیت فنی دیجیتال‌سازی، دانش و تخصص دیجیتالی­‌سازی، ویژگی‌های مدیریت عالی و مشارکت در فرایند اجرا بیشترین شاخص مرکزی را به‌­دست آوردند.
نتیجه‌گیری: صنعت ۴.0 یک گزینه استراتژیک حیاتی برای شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط تولیدی است که آن‌ها را قادر می‌سازد تا با مسابقه دیجیتالی­‌شدن همگام شوند. شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط تولیدی به‌طور قابل‌توجهی از سازمان‌های بزرگ در بهره‌مندی از فناوری‌های صنعت ۴.0 عقب هستند. این شرکت­‌ها هنوز با تصمیمات اولیه پذیرش در مورد تحول دیجیتال تحت صنعت ۴.0 درگیر هستند که موضوع نگران‌کننده‌ای برای این شرکت­‌ها است. نتایج، عوامل مختلف تعیین‌کننده سازمانی را شناسایی کردند که ممکن است این شرایط را توضیح دهند و برای شرکت‌­های کوچک و متوسط تولیدی بسیار کارآمد باشد. این مطالعه یک نقشه راه دیجیتالی­‌سازی سازمانی ایجاد کرده است که شرایط لازم برای تسهیل دیجیتالی‌­شدن شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط تولیدی را تحت صنعت ۴.0 توصیف می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Organizational Factors Affecting the Adoption of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Small and Medium-Sized Companies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Alireza Rokneddini 1
  • Davood Andalib Ardakani 2
1 Ph.D. student, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction and objectives: Industry 4.0 has brought significant changes to industries and businesses. This transformation, involving the interconnection of devices, processes, and systems through smart networks and the use of data-driven technologies and artificial intelligence, has created a comprehensive approach in businesses. This development is crucial and has substantial impacts on various areas, including production, services, supply chain, and marketing. Given the increasing stability and future competitiveness of the production sector, the new technologies of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) have gained considerable attention from the academic and industrial communities in recent years. However, manufacturers face numerous factors in implementing Industry 4.0, which need to be identified and analyzed. The purpose of this research is to identify the organizational factors influencing the adoption of Industry 4.0 and to present a fuzzy cognitive model.
Methods: This research is considered applied-developmental in terms of its purpose and hybrid (exploratory mixed) in terms of the research type. The statistical population of this research comprised small and medium-sized manufacturing companies, with 12 experts from small and medium-sized manufacturing companies active in the industrial town of Yazd province selected purposefully. Initially, to identify the organizational determinants of Industry 4.0, the meta-combination method was used, and then the relationships of these factors were determined using the fuzzy cognitive mapping method and the Fcmappear and Mental Modeler software.
Findings: The findings of the meta-combination method indicate 36 primary codes and 11 determining factors affecting the acceptance of Industry 4.0 technologies in small and medium-sized manufacturing companies operating in Yazd Industrial Town. These factors include absorption capacity, commercial assets, technical competence in digitization, digitalization knowledge and expertise, participation in the implementation process, strategic management competence for Industry 4.0, organizational culture, organizational structure, availability of resources, social capital, and top management characteristics. Among these factors, participation in the implementation process, absorption capacity, and social capital have the highest influencing capacity, while top management characteristics, digitalization knowledge and expertise, technical competence in digitization, and strategic management competence have the highest impact. Ultimately, the factors of technical competence in digitization, digitalization knowledge and expertise, top management characteristics, and participation in the implementation process obtained the most central indicators.
Conclusion: Industry 4.0 is a vital strategic option for small and medium-sized manufacturing companies, enabling them to keep pace with the digitization race. Small and medium-sized manufacturing companies are significantly behind large organizations in leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies. Additionally, these companies are still grappling with early adoption decisions regarding digital transformation under Industry 4.0, which is a concerning issue. The results identified various organizational determinants that may explain these conditions and provide efficient solutions for small and medium manufacturing companies. This study created an organizational digitalization roadmap that describes the necessary conditions to facilitate the digitalization of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies under Industry 4.0.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Industry 4.0
  • Organizational Factors
  • Small and Medium Manufacturing Companies
  • Meta-Combination
  • Fuzzy Cognitive Map

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